Abstract
Author(s): Salle Saad Yousif, Wasan A. AL-Jubori, Estabraq A. Alwasiti
Background: Phthalate are esters of phthalic acid mainly used as plasticizers (primarily to soften Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)). Exposure occurs primarily through food consumption, personal care product usage, and contact with dust. Applications: Food packaging, processed food, water bottles, toys, wires, medical devices (IV lines, gloves, NG tubes), nail polish, liquid soap and shampoo, the recommended airborne exposure limit (REL) is 5 mg/m3 averaged over a 10-hour work shift. The tolerable daily limit is 0.05 mg/kg body weight. In adults, Phthalate are significantly related to altered seminal parameters, Insulin resistance, high blood pressure and reproductive system problems including early menopause, low birth weight, pregnancy loss and preterm birth. Phthalate causes endocrine disruption; it interferes with normal hormonal mechanism. Modify the release of hypothalamic pituitary and peripheral hormones, change GNRH hormone secretion in hypothalamus and promote pituitary proliferation. Objectives: To investigate the association of urinary phthalate level and endometrial parameters (thickness, pattern) in infertile women (spontaneous, IUI). Results: The results showed there is negative coefficient indicates that an increase in exposure to diethyl phthalate is associated with a decrease in the odds of achieving pregnancy, indicating a potential adverse effect of diethyl phthalate on pregnancy outcomes. There is not enough evidence to conclude that exposure to diethyl phthalate significantly affects the likelihood of achieving pregnancy. This means that higher levels of diethyl phthalate may be associated with slightly lower odds of pregnancy, However, since 95% CI includes 1 (indicating no effect), and given the insignificant P value, this association is not statistically significant Participants reported a lack of significant medical history highlighting an opportunity to focus on the impact of lifestyle and environmental factors, such as exposure to diethyl phthalate, on fertility. At the same time, the presence of specific conditions such as PCOS presents the need to consider these possible confusing factors in such analyzes. Understanding the interaction between PCOS and environmental exposure can provide deeper insights into its collective impact on reproductive health. Among the group without PCOS, indicating no statistically significant association between PCOS and endometrial pattern. Conclusions: The higher concentrations of Diethyl phthalate are associated potentially impacting reproductive health and fertility outcomes. Phthalate exposure can induce reproductive disorders at various regulatory levels. The Diethyl phthalate is not a significant predictor of fertility history. Phthalates represent a serious concern for female reproductive health and an economic burden. Diethyl phthalate did not have a significant effect on the odds of observing the Non-trilaminar category of Endometrial Pattern; The McFadden R-squared value calculated for this model was 0.02. Diethyl phthalate did not significantly affect the odds of having ET measurements in the <7 mm or >10 mm categories compared to the 7-10 mm category.