Abstract
Author(s): Rabeea Abdul-Jaleel Ibrahim, Mohammed A. Almazini, Sad S. Mahdi Al-Amara* and Amal Abdul-Imam Almazini
Background: Cesarean section it regarded crucial risk factor for postpartum inflammatory because of uterine skin rapture, bladder catheterization, and endometritis. The S. haemolyticus is the second most recurrently pathogenic of clinical nosocomial infections, especially with sepsis, on skin and soft tissue infections mainly existing as abscess, paronychia, and serious infections in different the body systems.
Methods: One hundred and fifty swab samples were collected from women who had caesarean sections at Al-Basrah Teaching Hospital between October 2022 to January 2023. The Vitek®2 system test revealed for identify positive bacterial growth. Then double Disk Approximation Method (DAM) was used to tested S. haemolyticus isolates for produce Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBLs). For the β-lactamase gene amplification, three specific primers were employed: blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes.
Results: From October 2022 to January 2023, 150 swab samples were collected. The samples showed 57 (38%) positive bacterial growth, distributed 51(89. 5%) Gram-positive bacterial isolates, while 6(10. 5%) Gram-negative bacterial isolates, by Using the Vitek® 2 system, various bacterial species were identified, Staphylococcus haemolyticus the most predominant. Out of 34 isolates, 31 (91. 2%) were divided S. haemolyticus 39 (68. 42%) isolates, Staphylococcus aureus 6(10. 53%), Klebsiella spp. 4(7. 00%) isolates, Staphylococcus saprophyticus 3 (5. 30%) isolates, Escherichia coli 2 (3. 50%) isolates, Staphylococcus sciuri 1(1. 75%. ) isolate, Staphylococcus hominis 1(1. 75%) isolate, and Enterococcus faecium 1 (1. 75%) isolate. Out of (n=34) isolates that distributed to 31 (91. 2%) isolates were divided into S. haemolyticus 25 (74%), and S. aureus 6 (18%) isolates were gave positive results for producing extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs). While, 3(8. 8%), isolates of S. haemolyticus were shown negative results for producing ESBLs by using of the double approximation method (DAM) The results of the current study revealed from (n=34) Staphylococci spp. were distributed to 28 (82%) S. haemolyticus and 6(18%), that 33(97. 1%) Staphylococcus spp. isolates gave positive results for the detection of TEM and SHV gene. While the 1(2. 9%) isolate was shown negative result for the detection of TEM, SHV and CTX-M genes. While in the present study the results showed that all 34 (100%) Staphylococcus spp. were gave positive results for detection of the CTX-M gene
Conclusion: The most isolates of S. haemolyticus and S. aureus were multi drug-resistant (MDR) were detected by using Vitek®2 compact system and most isolates of S. haemolyticus and S. aureus were producing extended-spectrum ß –lactamases(ESBLs).